氣候變化影響的管理：第一個(gè)國(guó)際適應(yīng)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版

世界大型企業(yè)公司評(píng)估氣候風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)給企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)近萬(wàn)億美元的損失，氣候變化的影響不能被忽視。新的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定出來(lái)以幫助企業(yè)適應(yīng)這種變化。

極端的天氣、不斷上升的溫度和溫室氣體排放在各個(gè)方面影響著企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)，同樣，氣候的變化也帶來(lái)各種機(jī)遇。聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約（UNFCCC）最新報(bào)告顯示，一些世界大型企業(yè)，市值近17萬(wàn)億美元，據(jù)估計(jì)面臨氣候變化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本將近1萬(wàn)億美元。但另一方面，氣候變化帶來(lái)的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)及潛在收益將會(huì)成倍增加。 

因此，制定合理有序的計(jì)劃以適應(yīng)氣候變化是企業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵。 

ISO 14090《適應(yīng)氣候變化——原則、要求和指南》是該領(lǐng)域ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的第一版，旨在幫助組織評(píng)估氣候變化影響，并制定有效適應(yīng)計(jì)劃。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將有效幫助企業(yè)識(shí)別和管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并抓住氣候變化可能帶來(lái)的機(jī)會(huì)。 

它提供了一個(gè)管理框架，使組織能夠在設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施政策、戰(zhàn)略、計(jì)劃和活動(dòng)時(shí)適當(dāng)考慮氣候變化的影響并作出相應(yīng)對(duì)策。 

制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工作組的負(fù)責(zé)人約翰·多拉說(shuō)，氣候變化的影響，如意外的天氣和溫度變化，如果準(zhǔn)備不充分，可能對(duì)組織產(chǎn)生重大影響，從而導(dǎo)致基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施損壞或破壞。“了解氣候影響不僅僅是為了防范氣候變化。更重要的是基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和機(jī)遇做出的商業(yè)決策，因此了解恢復(fù)能力對(duì)于整個(gè)價(jià)值鏈（如采購(gòu)、投資和保險(xiǎn)）都很有用。” 

新的ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于所有類型的組織，不管他們是否有適當(dāng)?shù)倪m應(yīng)計(jì)劃。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指導(dǎo)用戶為聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候行動(dòng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)（SDG 13）作出貢獻(xiàn)。 

該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)旨在成為適應(yīng)氣候變化的總體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，技術(shù)委員會(huì)還正在制定其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以提供進(jìn)一步的指導(dǎo)。其中包括ISO 14091《適應(yīng)氣候變化——脆弱性、影響和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估》和ISO 14092《溫室氣體管理和相關(guān)活動(dòng)：地方政府和社區(qū)組織適應(yīng)規(guī)劃的要求和指導(dǎo)》。

Managing the impact of climate change: First International Standard for adaptation published

When some of the world’s biggest companies value climate risks to their businesses at nearly one trillion dollars, the impact of climate change cannot be ignored. Businesses need to adapt, and a new International Standard has just been developed to help.

Extreme weather, rising temperatures and greenhouse gas emissions are all aspects of our changing climate that can impact businesses. They can also create opportunities. A recent report by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) showed that a group of the world’s largest companies, worth collectively nearly USD 17 trillion, have valued the cost of climate change risks to their business at almost USD 1 trillion. On the flip side, they valued potential gains from business opportunities at more than double. 

Therefore, having robust plans in place to adapt to climate change is key to business success.

ISO 14090, Adaptation to climate change — Principles, requirements and guidelines, is the first in a range of ISO standards in this area and aims to help organizations assess climate change impacts and put plans in place for effective adaptation. It helps them identify and manage risks, as well as seize any opportunities that climate change may bring.

It offers a framework that enables organizations to give appropriate consideration to climate change adaptation when designing and implementing policies, strategies, plans and activities.

John Dora, Co-Convenor of the working group that developed the standard, said climate change impacts such as unexpected weather and temperature changes can have a significant effect on an organization’s bottom line if they are not prepared for it, causing infrastructure damage or disruption to their business: “Understanding climate impacts is not just for those implementing climate actions. Organizational decisions are made on the basis of risks and opportunities, so understanding resilience is useful across the value chain such as in purchasing, investment and insurance.”

The new ISO standard is useful for all kinds of organizations, regardless of whether they have adaptation plans in place. Implementation also enables users to directly contribute to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal on climate action (SDG 13).

It is intended to be the overarching standard for adaptation to climate change, and the committee is also working on other standards that will provide further guidance. These include ISO 14091, Adaptation to climate change — Vulnerability, impacts and risk assessment and ISO 14092, GHG Management and related activities: requirement and guidance of adaptation planning for organizations including local governments and communities.